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health news: Antibiotics

New knowledge about antibiotics :

antibiotics paralyze the sound mix in the gut

The intestine is not Friend of antibiotics. It was determined a U.S. researchers: The drug can throw our intestinal flora and permanently off the track. Antibiotics kill the bacteria in the stomach and do not distinguish between good and evil. This results in chronic diseases and long-term health problems.

09:10:10 Suspect

that can trigger the particular use of antibiotics in early childhood immune disorders such as allergies or asthma.

Because the drugs are generally not picky: They kill good bacteria as well as the bad germs to which they are prescribed.

David Relman of Stanford University wanted to determine how long it takes the diversity of microbes in the gut in order to recover. So he had three healthy women who had used no antibiotics longer repeated every six months, the relatively mild drug taking ciprofloxacin for a period of five days.

In the first round Although none of the women complained of diarrhea or nausea. But stool samples revealed what was going on under the seemingly calm surface. One third to one half of the bacterial species disappeared almost completely, but other microorganisms crowded into the vacant space. After a week the initial distribution of bacteria but had two of the three women reinstated. Only in the third test subject the bacterial colonies were changed six months later.

The second antibiotic run was the first gut bacteria back to a similar extent. But this time returned to normal - unlike before - the intestinal flora by the end of the study two months later none of the three women.

The study exemplifies the delicate balance that man shares with his microbiome - that those trillions roommates, cavorting around on the skin or in the nose. Many of them are not only useful, but even extremely important. This is especially true for the bacteria in the intestine, their role has been underestimated for years. "The communities of the digestive tract

are fundamental to the development of our immune system

" was published, says Relman, whose study in the prestigious journal PNAS. "We should not take it for guaranteed."

The researcher decided to investigate the effect

antibiotics in the first two years - precisely when young children build their very own germ colonies. the drugs may increase the risk at this stage for later problems of the immune system.

because each person comes with a more or less sterile digestive tract to the world. Is settled within days of various germs. Coming from parents, from the environment, the first of the food. By and by an increased diversity in the intestines of healthy humans to hundreds microbial species, many of which prove the digestion and the immune system useful services. researchers know about that obese people who have other intestinal bacteria than slim people. Already a diet can alter the bacterial colonies. In addition, modified bacteria colonies could also be involved in diseases, such as in the formation of polyps, an early form of cancer. Although antibiotics are

should in principle already used sparingly, only because of the risk of bacterial pathogens develop resistance, however *. But the new study shows that they also enforce beneficial bacteria, with unpredictable risks for later health. "We should begin, make sure everything on it," says the microbiologist Martin Blaser of New York University who is not in the study was involved. "The use of antibiotics from a biological point of view at a price."

* More and more bacteria show resistance to antibiotics and even previously innocuous pathogens such as Escherichia coli bacteria are becoming more aggressive and cause blood poisoning recently.

DAPD

is a report of the same research institute from 2008:

have in the free-access online journal PLoS Biology (http://biology.plosjournals.org/) Scientists in November 2008 on the most thorough study of the effects of antibiotic treatment reported on the intestinal flora.

The intestine is densely populated natural bacterial ecosystem
that is known. Up to 10 trillion individual microbes are present in the intestine. The microbial flora
has a plethora of tasks in digestion, disease resistance, regulation of the immune response, etc. The
raises questions about the possible health effects of
disorder of the intestinal flora by antibiotic treatment on . Because some microbes, a number of chemical processes in the gut control, changes could be in the composition of the microbial colonization of the gut important, but not yet known effects on health. A new method for identification of different types of bacteria ... (Researchers) Stanford University, at least 3300-5700 different "taxa" (genetically different types) of bacteria in the distal human gut identified. The antibiotic treatment, the frequency of occurrence affects about one third of these groups of bacteria, "Some rarely occurring bacteria before the treatment may occur more frequently, and the frequency of some dominant bacteria can decrease Such changes can be lasting." Sogin said. In all subjects tested in the study, the bacterial population within four weeks, recovered after treatment, but they looked like just as much as possible back to the front of antibiotics: some types of bacteria had not yet recovered again after six months. bacteria that usually cause no problems, could then cause disease.
The study is part of a major international investigation to determine the microbes in the gut completely. The study of the intestinal flora is through new methods have become simpler. Publication (English) is available free of cost: Dethlefsen L, Huse S, Sogin ML, Relman DA (2008) The Pervasive Effects of an Antibiotic on the Human Gut Microbiota, as Revealed by Deep Sequencing 16S rRNA. PLoS Biol 6 (11): e280 doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0060280, Published: November 18, 2008,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0060280