malaria and vaccinations malaria
High risk in rural areas in Assam and West Bengal
Medium risk all over the north of the line Madras - Goa and at altitudes at 2000m, including Madras
Low risk south of the line Madras - Goa, as on the Andaman and Nicobar Islands are free of malaria at altitudes exceeding 2000m of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Aunchal Pradesh, Lakshadweep.
pathogens: approximately 40-50% Plasmodium falciparum (malaria tropica), the rest mainly Plasmodium vivax (malaria recommended
prevention with drugs * under certain conditions. tertian) malaria prophylaxis: the so-called "rule" of an organized tourist arrivals without pre-existing conditions:
High Risk!
Other Areas: carry an emergency medication (standby). Depending on travel time, travel style and personal circumstances, a different recommendation, such as the taking of a preventive malaria medication is possible.
additional protection from mosquito bites by long light-colored clothing, repellents, mosquito-free bedrooms.
(*) Please note: The choice of the malaria drug, as well as possibly deviations from the recommendations required as part an individual medical advice are taken. Therefore, before a trip to a malaria area recommend it to a doctor's advice.
malaria in Goa.
from different parts of India's malaria cases are reported. In Goa, were more than 2,800 malaria cases registered in the first half of 2007 (2006: 1,500 diseases). Most malaria cases were reported from the northern region of Goa in Bardez and the adjacent region Tiswadi. Not only locals but also tourists are vulnerable to malaria. In 2007, European travelers diagnosed with malaria after their holiday in Goa. Some of the passengers Others visited the popular tourist coastal areas of Goa - Calangute Beach Candolim Beach. But even from the north-western state of India - Rajasthani - Malaria cases are reported. In the north-east India each year, an estimated 500-600 deaths from malaria and also registered in the northeastern state of Assam, in 2007 reported 10,000 cases of illness and 25 deaths. Travelers should consult time before a reconnaissance trip travel medical advice. Through a thorough benefit-risk assessment in person, the right malaria prophylaxis be individualized. A variety of factors such as travel destination, Region, duration and behavior define the individual risk of malaria. Therefore, passengers will be in malaria-risk areas careful anti-mosquito measures and possibly a malaria prevention medication - after medical consultation - empfohlen.In many parts of the country there is a risk of infection for dengue. Dengue fever is transmitted by day-and night-active mosquitoes. Therefore, travelers should make good anti-mosquito measures.
map of malaria in India.
http://members.aol.com/akaunzner/karten/indien_m.htm
malaria drug Lariam
Mefloquine (Lariam ®) Mefloquine
is used for prevention or treatment in areas of high disease risk by the dangerous falciparum malaria. Common side effects include mood swings, and digestive disorders. Rarely reported psychotic signs, seizures and allergic skin reactions. Travelers with activities that require uninterrupted attention, spatial orientation and fine motor skills should not take mefloquine as possible. To test the compatibility should be started before leaving with the mefloquine-taking already 2-3 weeks. If necessary, nor can an alternative be sought prior to travel. At proven intolerance should will no longer require to take the drug. The side effects are dose dependent and are more common during treatment with Lariam. Contraindications include epilepsy, severe liver disease, depression and psychiatric disorders; care with specific conduction abnormalities on ECG, in the first third of pregnancy (see Chapter infertility, pregnancy, etc.). Interactions with many drugs are possible. Taking Note taking mefloquine for better compatibility with the meal! Dosage for prophylaxis in adults: 1 tablet per week. If mefloquine is well tolerated according to experience, which took a week starts before departure. Last Last intake: 4 weeks to return. Dosage for prophylaxis for children, according to the package inserts.
mefloquine is used primarily to treat, but also for the prevention of malaria. The pathogens die off because mefloquine one of its most important metabolic functions stört.In some areas, the malaria parasites (Plasmodium) transmitted by mosquitoes, are opposed to the standard drugs chloroquine (Resochin ®) and proguanil (proguanil ®) are already immune (resistant) . Mefloquine is the only reserve to prevent drug and should only be applied in these risk areas. This is particularly true of tropical Africa.
http://www.netdoktor.de/medikamente/100003752.htm
Malarone Atovaquone + proguanil
(Malarone ®)
This combination product may be used in high-risk areas because of the dangerous malaria prophylaxis or therapy .. Malarone ® is suitable for Mefloquinunverträglichkeit or resistance. Malarone ® is registered in Germany at the time only for a stay of up to 28 days in the malaria area. Side effects such as nausea, stomach problems, headaches come vor.Gegenanzeigen are severe liver disease, renal dysfunction, pregnancy and lactation. Interactions with many drugs are possible. Effective levels decrease while taking of metoclopramide against motion sickness. Taking Note: The drug absorption can be improved with high fat foods. Dosage: In adults and adolescents (> 40 kg) one tablet daily. Children's dosage (Junior tablets) according to package insert. Beginning 1 day before entry into the malaria area. Last intake: 7 days after leaving the pack Malariagebietes.Eine Malarone ® contains 12 tablets, which is sufficient for a maximum of 4-day stay in a malaria area.
doxycycline doxycycline (various trade names)
The antibiotic doxycycline (a "tetracycline") is not in Germany for malaria prevention approved - but used for years with good experience in areas where resistance to other malaria drugs. Doxycycline monohydrate (H2O) preparations are better tolerated than doxycycline hyclate (HCL). Side effects: As a natural antibiotic, it affects the bacterial colonization of the body and can lead to diarrhea at 1-5% in women with disorders of the vagina. Also increases the sensitivity of the skin, so-called "phototoxicity (adequate sun protection). Women with obesity have been reported in isolated cases of increased intracranial pressure with fundus changes. In case of persistent headaches and blurred vision needs the drug immediately be discontinued. Contraindications include pregnancy and lactation, children (under 8) with unfinished tooth development, renal and liver function, esophageal or gastric diseases, hypersensitivity to tetracycline interactions with many drugs and alcohol are possible. Milk and milk products reduce the absorption. Taking Note: For better compatibility you should not take doxycycline with a meal (without dairy products). Dosing in adults: 1 tablet (100 mg) daily. Beginning 1 day before entry into the malaria area. Last Intake: 4 weeks after leaving the risk area.
own comments on the effectiveness of doxycycline.
The term phototoxicity to read easily. Even if you read the literature so the good efficacy and safety is emphasized. The so-not. For travel to a country where the sun shines more than in Germany in the winter you should avoid this medication. Reason is - as I discovered from my own experience - the skin turns up occasionally spotty red. But what disturbs correct, the skin is burning in the sun, it hurts even more by light. I have therefore almost stopped in the shade and waited for dawn to leave the shade. Of course, I've always rubbed my body with a sun protection factor of 40. but nothing has helped. Later in Germany, I imagine that will also be laid in the head skin patches being represented in the hairline of the forehead.
doxycycline is also not suitable for treatment, only prevention is possible.
vaccinations
Recommended for all travelers are vaccinations against:
diphtheria, tetanus, polio,
measles (or immunity to disease)
hepatitis A
typhoid
for risk groups in addition to vaccination against:
hepatitis B
rabies (risk very common!)
possibly Japan. Encephalitis
pneumococcal, influenza
entry rule:
yellow fever vaccination required for entry of yellow fever - endemic areas, not for airport transit passengers.
Please note:
The recommendations apply to adult. When children have special age limitations for the recommended travel immunizations and age-related risks are ignored!
occurrence of bird flu:
travelers to affected countries should avoid contact with live or dead poultry and birds of all types in markets and on public transport. Of disinfection you should stay away. The import of bird products including feathers from affected countries in the EU is prohibited. observe careful hygiene in food and drinking water::
important rules:
intestinal infections
drink only bottled water with intact cap or boiled, filtered or chemically disinfected water, no ice cubes basic rule: boil - cook - peel - or forget!
dengue fever: protection against mosquito bites.
HIV / AIDS transmission through blood contact (including piercing, tattooing, etc.) and sexual intercourse. Use of condoms and sterile syringes and needles.
damage from sun, sun protection! Sunglasses! No Sun exposure of 11.00 bis 15.00 clock
Do not go barefoot (infection)
without open swimming in fresh water (bilharzia risk)
In the interest of individual health care you can before you travel on vaccination and malaria prophylaxis medical counseling!
replace this information to any individual medical advice.
to protect from flying insects is:
can
The consistent application of the measures to avoid insect bites, the risk of disease, esp at malaria, significantly reduced.
To protect against bites of Anopheles Mosquito, the malaria is transfer, you should bear in dusk and at night time skin-covering, long clothing. Light-colored clothing offers better protection than dark ones. (Note: other insects, which also diseases such as Dengue or Japanese encephalitis etc. populations, are also active during the day!)
If possible, you should stay at night in mosquito-proof rooms close (protection of air-conditioning, mosquito nets) and the windows. If the hotels and places to stay without air conditioning, you should bring a mosquito net . mosquito nets can also be impregnated.
Exposed skin areas should be consistent with mosquito repellents, so-called repellents are rubbed (eg Autan etc.). Are repellent to insects such as the ointment known Autan. These products should carry the fragrance of N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) or dimethyl phthalate. These substances are, but have recently come into the discussion, but they will provide the best protection! One way is to wear impregnated fabric bracelets .
If you use a parallel sunscreen, you should apply the mosquito repellent necessarily last. Meanwhile, combinations are available. A
some protection and liniments with essential oils (citronella, etc.), but the duration is much shorter, so that you must rub the much more common (by about 10 to 20 minutes).
The additional use of insecticides in sprays, vaporizers, incense (mosquito coils), and the like can offer additional protection.
NOBITE
products for skin and clothing.
See link.
Shake the bottle well and the garment at a distance of 30 cm spray before dressing. Allow to dry for 2 hours. The impregnation gives the garment no odor stains, does not and is safe for all fabrics! The contents of one bottle is enough for the impregnation of 4 square meters material (1 m corresponds to a shirt or trousers). The effect lasts up to 2 months, even after 4 washes of cotton dresses, and 2-washes clothes made of synthetic Stoffen.Auch clothing for children from 3 Age appropriate!
http://www.globetrotter.de/de/shop/search.php?suchfeld=Nobite>ID=e30b8984ff89bba61f8d160c7f596dcca32&gclid=CPeC85iv_ZACFRE1aAodG2xG0w
http://www.nobite.com/
My experience so was that the mosquitoes of the impregnated Clothes stay away.
Autan
http://www.autan.de/nqcontent.cfm?a_id=1
Apply to the skin. Seemed to disturb but not all mosquitoes with me at least.
Useful links:
http://www.worldtrip.de/About_us/Links/Reise-_Links/reise-_links.html
http://www.tinta-tours.de/countries/ country.asp id = 8D3066BA-22DF-4A2A-824C-A591F2B77A07
http://www.fit-for-travel.de/reisemedizin/reiseziele/L0060.htm
http://www. indien-aktuell.de/viewtopic.php t = 5064
http://www.indienerlebnis.de/s05/reisesi.html
http://www.gesundes-reisen.de/redaktion/malaria_medikamente.htm
Here is the link with pictures after my trip Mumbai and Goa.
http://home.arcor.de/indienreise
ambulance Conzelmann
practice of travel medicine - especially individuals
practice biodynamic Vital medical
Successful lifestyles
successful exercise and nutritional therapy
Wolfgang Conzelmann
13353 Berlin, Luxemburger Str 33
Phone: 461 79 23
Homepage:
or
times the link here:
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